The Scarlet Letter Plot Summary

'The Scarlet Letter' Plot Summary The Scarlet Letter is a 1850 novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne set in Boston, at that point the Massachusetts Bay Colony, in the mid-seventeenth century (around fifty years before the close by Salem Witch Trials). It recounts to the tale of the connection between the Puritan people group and Hester Prynne, the hero, after it is found that she bore a youngster without any father present a demonstration that cuts against society’s strict qualities. As discipline for her activities, Prynne is compelled to wear a red â€Å"A,† which, as it is rarely said out and out, probably represents â€Å"adultery† or â€Å"adulterer.† The story, which is confined by an early on piece entitled â€Å"The Custom-House,† portrays the seven years following Prynne’s wrongdoing. The Custom-House This presentation, composed by an anonymous first-individual storyteller who imparts numerous true to life subtleties to the book’s writer, fills in as the primary narrative’s structure. In this area, the storyteller, who has an enthusiasm for composing, recounts how he fills in as an assessor at the Salem Custom House-a second he accepts as an open door chiefly to deride and ridicule his partners, a large number of whom are more established and have made sure about lifetime arrangements through family associations. This segment happens in the mid-nineteenth century, and, accordingly, the Custom House has substantially less action than it did during its prime two centuries sooner. Subsequently, the storyteller spends a decent arrangement of his time sneaking around in the upper room of the structure, whereupon he finds an old bit of red fabric looking like the letter â€Å"A,† just as extremely old original copy by a past assessor named Jonathan Pue, about a progression of neighborhood occasions from a century even before his time. The storyteller peruses this composition, and afterward thinks about how his Puritan precursors, whom he holds in high regard, would have looked down on him composing a work of fiction, be that as it may, after he loses his employment because of a move in neighborhood governmental issues, he does so in any case. His content, approximately dependent on the Pue original copy, turns into the premise of the novel. The Scarlet Letter In mid-seventeenth century Puritan Boston, at that point the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a nearby lady, Hester Prynne, is found to have had a kid with only one parent present. This is a significant offense in the incredibly strict network. As discipline she is made to represent a few hours with her youngster, Pearl, inâ a stocks on a framework in the town square, and afterward to wear a red A weaved on her dress for the rest of her days. While remaining on the framework, presented to general society, Prynne is hectored by both the horde and the unmistakable individuals from the town, including the revered clergyman Arthur Dimmesdale, to name the child’s father-however she robustly cannot. Likewise while she is remaining there, she sees a white man, guided in by a Native American man, enter the scene at the rear of the crowd. Prynne and this man look, however he places a finger before his lips. After the display, Prynne is brought to her jail cell, where she is visited by a specialist; this is the man she had seen at the rear of the group, who is likewise, it turns out, her significant other, Roger Chillingworth, as of late showed up from England in the wake of having been thought dead. They have an open and obliging discussion about every one of their inadequacies in their marriage, however when Chillingworth requests to know the personality of the child’s father, Prynne keeps on declining to uncover it. Upon her discharge from jail, Prynne and her little girl move to a little cabin on the edge of the town, where she gives herself to embroidery (delivering work of remarkable quality), and helping other people deprived as well as can be expected. Their separation in the long run begins to influence Pearl’s conduct, as lacking companions other than her mom, she develops into a raucous and wild young lady. Her conduct begins to draw in the townspeople’s consideration, to such an extent that individuals from the congregation suggest that Pearl be detracted from Prynne so as to get better management. This, clearly, enormously disturbs Prynne, who goes to talk with Governor Bellingham. With the representative are the town’s two priests, and Prynne claims to Dimmesdale straightforwardly as a major aspect of her contention against the townspeople’s movements. Her request prevails upon him, and he tells the representative that Pearl ought to stay with her mom. They come back to their cabin as in the past, and, throughout quite a long while, Prynne starts to procure herself over into the town’s great graces through her accommodating deeds. Around this time, the minister’s wellbeing starts to decline, and it is proposed that Chillingworth, the new doctor around, take up living arrangement with Dimmesdale to look out for him. The two get along from the start, however as Dimmesdale’s wellbeing disintegrates, Chillingworth starts to speculate that his condition is here and there the sign of mental trouble. He starts to get some information about his psychological state, which the clergyman dislikes; this pushes them separated. One night, presently, Chillingworth sees on Dimmesdale’s chest, while the last is dozing, an image that speaks to the minister’s blame. Dimmesdale at that point, tormented by his feeling of remorse, meanders one night into the town square and stands upon the platform where, quite a while previously, he had viewed Prynne as the town alienated her. He recognizes his blame inside himself, however can't force himself to do so openly. While there, he runs into Prynne and Pearl, and he and Prynne at last examine the way that he is Pearl’s father. Prynne additionally confirms that she will uncover this reality to her husband. Pearl, in the interim, is meandering around adjacent to her folks all through this discussion, and over and over asks Prynne what the Scarlet A depend on, however her mom never reacts with a genuine answer. Presently, they meet again in the woods, and Prynne educates Dimmesdale of Chillingworth’s want for vengeance on the man who usurped him. In that capacity, they make an arrangement to return together to England, which gives the pastor another episode of wellbeing and empowers him to give one of his most awakening lessons at Election Day a couple of days after the fact. As the parade leaves the congregation, however, Dimmesdale moves up onto the platform to admit his relationship with Prynne, so, all in all he expeditiously passes on in her arms. Afterward, there is a lot of conversation among the townspeople over an imprint seen upon the minister’s chest, which many case was looking like a â€Å"A.† With this issue currently viably settled, Chillingworth before long kicks the bucket, leaving Pearl a huge legacy, and Prynne journeys to Europe, however she restores quite a while later and resumes wearing the red letter. Eventually from that point she passes on, and is covered in a similar plot as Dimmesdale.

Law and Language Free Essays

string(97) and except if one doesn’t have the information on the lawful language utilized, they can't appreciate it. One can't deny that the exchange between our every day lives and law is significant to our reality. In any event, when we are breathing, Article 21 of our constitution secures us. At the point when we get some item from a shop, charges forced under different laws assume a job in deciding the expense of that item. We will compose a custom exposition test on Law and Language or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now These are only not many of the different models that we experience in our day by day life which display the job of law in our regular day to day existences. Yet, to recognize what the law is and to get it, with the goal that we can act in like manner, one needs to have some order over the language. Indeed, even in precedent-based law nations where we witness unwritten laws, points of reference have cardinal spot. Also, to utilize those points of reference suitably we have to comprehend the decisions. Additionally, makes a decision about need to utilize the correct words at the perfect time to pass on the genuine reason for the point of reference. Law and language are between related for even language works on specific laws. We have different principles and laws of sentence structure, which whenever broken, would remove the quintessence of the language. I generally had a couple of inquiries with respect to this subject waiting in my brain. For what reason is legitimate language so convoluted? How do attorneys bend it as indicated by their favorable position? How simple appointed authorities discover it to decipher the lawful language? Is there even a requirement for legalese? How has the language, the law is written in, influenced the mindfulness among individuals? There are more inquiries that I anticipate a response for and this undertaking has given me an extraordinary chance to search for those answers THE INTERVIEW For a similar reason I talked with Sri V. Srinivasa Sivaram, Administrative Officer, Andhra Pradesh State Legal Services Authority. â€Å"The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been established under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 to offer free Legal Types of assistance to the more fragile segments of the general public and to sort out Lok Adalats for neighborly settlement of debates. In each State, State Legal Services Authority has been comprised to offer impact to the approaches and bearings of the NALSA and to give free lawful administrations to the individuals and lead Lok Adalats in the State.. † With his experience and interface with the nearby individuals, I felt he would have the option to responds to my inquiries. I express gratitude toward him for giving his significant time for me. Here is an extract of the meeting Q. Sir, you are related with Andhra Pradesh Legal Services Authority, and numerous monetarily upset individuals who can’t bear the cost of a legal counselor approach you for help. What level of lawful mindfulness do you find among these individuals about their privileges and obligations particularly when the laws and resolutions are written in English? A. Since I'm working with the lawful assistance expert for past some time, one thing that I find is that individuals don’t come to us since they have some privilege or an obligation. They come to us since they have an issue. It might be identified with law or may not be identified with law. 90% of the occasions, we need to discover what the law is regarding their concern. The individuals moving toward us don't know whether a law can support them and provided that this is true, which law. They know that on the off chance that they have an issue and they are moving toward lawful assistance authority, at that point we will support them. Numerous multiple times I have addressed individuals and asked them â€Å"How did you come to know about lawful assistance? † The most well-known answer is sir, we have been told or we heard it on TV or Radio. After they approach us, we need to discover the solution for them and above all look if that cure is inside the four corners of law. They don't know about the law in that regard. They simply have an issue close by and they come to us, searching for cure, and asking whether law can support them or not. Q. For some debates, the nearby individuals first methodology the region court and afterward may offer in higher courts. Do the area courts work in the nearby language or in English? What is your sentiment with respect to this. A. As for this inquiry, I might want to disclose to you that both nearby dialects and English are utilized. In the event that an individual is uneducated or he doesn’t comprehend English well, particularly when you need to direct a preliminary, when you ask during boss assessment or during interrogation, the neighborhood language is the best thing Q. Do the courts give the judgment I. e. s the composed judgment in provincial language or is the use of local language limited for oral purposes as it were? A. Until further notice, it is absolutely in English. In any case, the appointed authorities are not halted from utilizing the territorial language. For instance, one of companions has given two or three decisions in Telugu too. In any case, doing so is e xceptionally troublesome. The blocks that they experience are various. At the point when they need to change a case law or statement a case from Supreme Court it turns out to be for all intents and purposes hard to cite it in Telugu.. We likewise have latin adages that would include this trouble. You are correct. We can't cite them in provincial language. We may not pass on the significance appropriately. On the off chance that you quote Evidence Act in Hindi or Telugu, I let you know, it will be a bad dream! Despite the fact that we are capable in Hindi and Telugu, on attempting to do as such, we couldn’t succeed. Have a go at changing over a judgment by Hon'ble Judge Krishna Iyer into your nearby language or Telugu, it will be a calamity! Indeed, even individuals who are familiar with English think that its hard to comprehend his judgment. The language is profoundly perplexing, full with talk. Numerous Supreme Court decisions are so that a typical man can't get it. This additionally applies to individuals who are well acquainted with English. Until and except if one doesn’t have the information on the legitimate language utilized, they can't fathom it. You read Law and Language in class Law Q. The laws are essentially for the individuals. Be that as it may, with the convoluted language they are written in, an individual thinks that its hard to peruse them. Do you think there is a need to improve lawful language? A. The opportunity has already come and gone that the legitimate language is improved. One thing that we see is, for a basic word model may or will, fights are battled in court. The Supreme Court may wind up saying ‘may’ isn't ‘may’, it is ‘shall’ and ‘shall’ is ‘may’! Since the translation of such fundamental words happens in various manners, a typical man can't get it. Truly Sir, I do recall a case ‘State Of Madhya Pradesh versus Azad Bharat Finance Co’. Here under an Act, in spite of the fact that the District court deciphered the utilization of word ‘shall’ as compulsory, the Supreme Court deciphered it as â€Å" The word ‘shall’ isn't constantly obligatory; it relies on the setting wherein the word happens and different conditions. † Yes. We have numerous different models. Not many years back when an inquiry emerged if a composed explanation must be recorded inside 90 days of the changed CPC, it was said that NO in spite of the fact that the word utilized is will. In the event that this is the destiny of the individuals who know law, at that point envision the situation of the normal man. Q. I concur with you sir. In any case, if the lawful language is streamlined, doesn’t it leaves a few provisos that possibly abused by many? A. See, even now it is occurring. You keep in touch with one line and the legal advisors will undoubtedly get provisos in that one line moreover. This is thus, since we have been educated! Each attorney attempts to utilize the words as indicated by his own comfort and the advantage of his customer. Q. What approach do you receive while translation of any law. Is it a positivist methodology carefully dependent on the language and the words utilized or you attempt to investigate the history and actual purpose of the law? A. I like to pass by the actual intent of the law. We don’t approach the protected discussions. In lower courts, when we need to approach finding what is the significance and the actual purpose of the law, except if you see the first structure of the law, you don’t know why it was composed. I do recollect the instance of ‘Baljeet Singh versus Election Commission Of India And .. ’ Here the applicant contended that an individual from parliament makes a vow to ‘make and subscribe’ to the constitution of India. Subsequently the translation is that every single lawmaker must be educated to comprehend the India's constitution. The Supreme Court alluded back to the sacred get together discussion and presumed that education was never intended to be an additional capability to be an individual from parliament. The reason behind such a pledge was to advance national solidarity and not to make proficiency a pre-imperative condition. Truly. Here and there on the off chance that you don’t know the expectation behind a law, you can't arrive at a specific decision about its significance. On the off chance that you approach, great however many lower courts don’t approach protected discussions. An Act or resolution may give both of you or three lines about its motivation, however on the off chance that you need to go further you don’t approach that thing. Along these lines, if there is a contention you will decipher it in a way as you feel appropriate. Be that as it may, certain circumstances request translation utilizing the exacting language rule. This has been played by the higher courts from various perspectives! What's more, since we state that Supreme Court judgment is the tradition that must be adhered to, we will undoubtedly wind up in disarray. Let me set forth one model. An inquiry emerged whether an organization can be arraigned or not for criminal activities. The discipline endorsed incorporates both fine and detainment. One translation was that since an organization is certifiably not a genuine individual and you can't toss it behind bars, thus just a fine will be forced. Yet, the Supreme Court said that since you can't place the organization in prison, you can't incur the discipline endorsed in the demonstration, consequently the ntire continuing were subdued. In this way, following not many months another judgment cam

Science Religion and Spirituality to Health Essay - 275 Words

Science Religion and Spirituality to Health (Essay Sample) Content: Science, Religion and Spirituality to Health Name DateReligion and spirituality are two basic aspects in health today. Religion is the worship and belief in a certain superhuman power that controls major aspects in life. It can be a personal God or even gods. Additionally, spirituality is a basic term. Different people from different places have different definitions of the term spirituality. Despite the differences, spirituality can be seen as a quality to sensitivity that an individual or group has to things that are not of corporal or material nature. Those aspects that can be conceived interpreted to perceived by our senses contribute to the aspect of spirituality. On the other hand, such aspects can powerfully be felt and their effects can be inferred by what we see. To a number of people, spirituality may focus on the inner person, while to others; it may focus on the outer person. Therefore, spirituality is accepted by people of faith and also those who lack faith at all (Harold, 2002). Research shows that, a high number of Americans rely on spirituality as well as prayer in order to benefit in their health. It is not only in America but also in the world. Many people believe that, prayer can heal as well as restoring broken homes. Research also shows that, prayer has the power to outline who we are as well as where our destiny is. This is why is incorporated with spirituality. In America, there are different institutions like the Pastoral Care. One of the major responsibilities for this institution is to give words of sympathy and comfort to someone before undertaking a chemotherapy session. It also helps someone to forgive especially when about to lose their health. There are two aspects that have been found to help in the healing process of a patient. These two aspects are derived from both spirituality and religion. They are aspects that most of the doctors use on their patients. These two aspects are hope and love.Hope and love should be shown by both the doctors and the family from which a patient comes from. Friends, social groups and family are fundamental in providing love and compassionate presence to the patient. On the other hand, listening is an important tool that should be used on the patients. Since such aspects have been found to be helpful to the patients, spirituality is being weaved day by day by medicine leaders. Most of the medical universities in the US now embrace spirituality in their courses. Giving attention to spirituality does not only help the patients but also the patients. It exposes the health providers to different forms of spiritualities as well as beliefs that different people uphold. This knowledge is important when dealing with patients. This understanding helps the health provider in handling the patient according to what he believes to be true (Raymond, 2007).Question 2 Everyone, whether consciously or unconsciously, believes in the aspects of religion, spirituality, and science. On the other hand, individuals are dissimilar and their approaches to healing are also different. There are people who believe in religion and spirituality, leaving science out. Others believe in the three aspects while others believe in any of the aspects. These people, therefore, believe that any of those aspects will contribute to their holistic healing (Dana, 2005).Science has a number of different medical treatments that are used to treat physical problems. Additionally, spirituality and religion are also used in healing. The bridge that is between them is psychology. There are those who believe that spirituality and religion will heal them, others believe in science while others believe in the cooperation of the three. It is important for health providers to learn about how the mind works. Psychologists have spent adequate time in studying how the mind works, the relationship between behavior and the mind and the roles of the brain that influence healing. In order to treat someone holistically, then it is important to incorporate the three aspects. One of the foremost things that will help the goal of treating people holistically is having professionals from all the three fields, come together in one setting to treat people. This way, resources, will be utilized and less money will be spent (Jeff, 2008). Question 3 Denoted as CAM, is an alternative type of medicine that Complementary and Alternative Medicine that used for medical practices and products. These medical practices and produc... Science Religion and Spirituality to Health Essay - 275 Words Science Religion and Spirituality to Health (Essay Sample) Content: Science, Religion and Spirituality to Health Name DateReligion and spirituality are two basic aspects in health today. Religion is the worship and belief in a certain superhuman power that controls major aspects in life. It can be a personal God or even gods. Additionally, spirituality is a basic term. Different people from different places have different definitions of the term spirituality. Despite the differences, spirituality can be seen as a quality to sensitivity that an individual or group has to things that are not of corporal or material nature. Those aspects that can be conceived interpreted to perceived by our senses contribute to the aspect of spirituality. On the other hand, such aspects can powerfully be felt and their effects can be inferred by what we see. To a number of people, spirituality may focus on the inner person, while to others; it may focus on the outer person. Therefore, spirituality is accepted by people of faith and also those who lack faith at all (Harold, 2002). Research shows that, a high number of Americans rely on spirituality as well as prayer in order to benefit in their health. It is not only in America but also in the world. Many people believe that, prayer can heal as well as restoring broken homes. Research also shows that, prayer has the power to outline who we are as well as where our destiny is. This is why is incorporated with spirituality. In America, there are different institutions like the Pastoral Care. One of the major responsibilities for this institution is to give words of sympathy and comfort to someone before undertaking a chemotherapy session. It also helps someone to forgive especially when about to lose their health. There are two aspects that have been found to help in the healing process of a patient. These two aspects are derived from both spirituality and religion. They are aspects that most of the doctors use on their patients. These two aspects are hope and love.Hope and love should be shown by both the doctors and the family from which a patient comes from. Friends, social groups and family are fundamental in providing love and compassionate presence to the patient. On the other hand, listening is an important tool that should be used on the patients. Since such aspects have been found to be helpful to the patients, spirituality is being weaved day by day by medicine leaders. Most of the medical universities in the US now embrace spirituality in their courses. Giving attention to spirituality does not only help the patients but also the patients. It exposes the health providers to different forms of spiritualities as well as beliefs that different people uphold. This knowledge is important when dealing with patients. This understanding helps the health provider in handling the patient according to what he believes to be true (Raymond, 2007).Question 2 Everyone, whether consciously or unconsciously, believes in the aspects of religion, spirituality, and science. On the other hand, individuals are dissimilar and their approaches to healing are also different. There are people who believe in religion and spirituality, leaving science out. Others believe in the three aspects while others believe in any of the aspects. These people, therefore, believe that any of those aspects will contribute to their holistic healing (Dana, 2005).Science has a number of different medical treatments that are used to treat physical problems. Additionally, spirituality and religion are also used in healing. The bridge that is between them is psychology. There are those who believe that spirituality and religion will heal them, others believe in science while others believe in the cooperation of the three. It is important for health providers to learn about how the mind works. Psychologists have spent adequate time in studying how the mind works, the relationship between behavior and the mind and the roles of the brain that influence healing. In order to treat someone holistically, then it is important to incorporate the three aspects. One of the foremost things that will help the goal of treating people holistically is having professionals from all the three fields, come together in one setting to treat people. This way, resources, will be utilized and less money will be spent (Jeff, 2008). Question 3 Denoted as CAM, is an alternative type of medicine that Complementary and Alternative Medicine that used for medical practices and products. These medical practices and produc...

What Is Phantom Limb Syndrome

Phantom limb syndrome is a condition in which individuals experience sensations like pain, touch, and movement in an arm or leg that is no longer attached to the body. About 80 to 100 percent of amputees experience phantom limbs. The sensation can also occur in individuals who have been born without a limb. The time it takes for a phantom limb to appear varies. Some individuals experience the sensation immediately after an amputation, while others do not feel the phantom limb for several weeks. Despite their name, phantom limb sensations are not restricted to limbs and  can occur in many other areas of the body. They have been reported after breast amputations, the removal of parts of the digestive system, and the removal of eyes.   Types of Sensations in Phantom Limbs The sensations associated with a phantom limb vary considerably, from a slight tingling feeling to a vivid sensation of a moving limb. Individuals have reported feeling the phantom limb move, sweat, numb, cramp, burn, and/or change in temperature. While some individuals report that they can voluntarily move the limb – for instance, to shake someone’s hand – others state that the phantom limb stays â€Å"habitually† in a certain posture, such as a flexed arm or an extended leg. This habitual position can be very painful, like an arm stretched permanently behind the head, and sometimes replicates the position of the limb before it was amputated. The phantom limb  does not necessarily represent the missing limb accurately. For example, some patients have reported having short arms with missing elbows. Over time, phantom limbs have been observed to â€Å"telescope,† or shrink into the stump after amputation. For instance, an arm might shorten progressively until only the hand is attached to the stump. Such telescoping, which is often associated with increasingly painful phantom limbs, can occur overnight or gradually over years. The Causes of Phantom Limb Pain A number of mechanisms have been proposed as potential factors in  phantom limb pain. While none of these mechanisms have been proven to be the root cause of the pain, each theory provides valuable insight into the complex systems at work when a patient experiences a phantom limb sensation. Peripheral nerves.  One formerly dominant mechanism concerning phantom limb pain involves peripheral nerves:  nerves that are not in the brain and spinal cord. When a limb is amputated, many severed nerves are left in the amputated stump. The ends of these nerves can grow into thicker nerve tissues called neuromas, which can send abnormal signals to the brain and result in painful phantom limbs.   However, while neuromas can occur when limbs are amputated, they do not necessarily cause phantom limbs. Phantom limb pain can still occur, for example, in people born without a limb, and so are not expected to have severed nerves from amputation. The limbs can also remain painful even after the neuromas have been removed surgically. Finally, many amputees develop phantom limbs immediately after amputation, before enough time has elapsed for neuromas to develop. Neuromatrix theory. This theory came from the psychologist Ronald Melzack, who postulated that each person has a network of many interconnected neurons called the neuromatrix. This neuromatrix, which is prewired by genetics but modified by experience, produces characteristic signatures that tell an individual what their body is experiencing and that their body is their own. However, the neuromatrix theory assumes that the body is intact, with no limbs missing. When a limb is amputated, the neuromatrix no longer receives the input its accustomed to, and sometimes receives high levels of input because of damaged nerves. These changes in input modify the characteristic signatures produced by the neuromatrix, resulting in phantom limb pain. This theory explains why people born without limbs can still experience phantom limb pain, but is difficult to test. Furthermore, it is unclear why the neuromatrix would produce pain and not other sensations. Remapping hypothesis. The neuroscientist Ramachandran proposed the remapping hypothesis to explain how phantom limbs arise. The remapping hypothesis involves neuroplasticity – that the brain can reorganize itself by weakening or strengthening neural connections – occurring in the somatosensory cortex, which is responsible for the body’s sense of touch. Different areas of the somatosensory cortex correspond to different parts of the body, with the right side of the cortex corresponding to the left half of the body and vice versa. The remapping hypothesis says that when a limb is amputated, the brain area corresponding to that limb no longer receives input from the limb. Neighboring areas of the brain can then â€Å"take over† that brain area, causing phantom limb sensations. For example, one study found that people who have had their hand amputated can feel as if their missing hand is touched when a part of their face is touched. This occurs because the brain area corresponding to the face lies beside the brain area corresponding to the missing hand and â€Å"invades† the area after amputation. The remapping hypothesis has gained a great deal of traction in neuroscience research, but it may not explain why patients feel pain in their phantom limbs. In fact, some researchers  claim the opposite: rather than having a reduced brain area corresponding to the missing hand because of a brain area taking over, the representation of the hand in the brain was preserved. Future Research Although phantom limb syndrome is prevalent among  amputees and even occurs in people born without limbs, the condition is highly variable from person to person, researchers have yet agreed on its exact causes.   As research progresses, scientists will be able to better pinpoint the precise mechanisms causing phantom limbs. These discoveries will ultimately lead to the development of better treatments for patients. Sources Chahine, L., and Kanazi, G. â€Å"Phantom limb syndrome: a review.† Middle East Journal of Anesthesia, vol. 19, no. 2, 2007, 345-355.Hill, A. â€Å"Phantom limb pain: A review of the literature on attributes and potential mechanisms.† Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, vol. 17, no. 2, 1999, pp. 125-142.Makin, T., Scholz, J., Filippini, N., Slater, D., Tracey, I., and Johansen-Berg, H. â€Å"Phantom pain is associated with preserved structure and function in the former hand area.† Nature Communcations, vol. 4, 2013.Melzack, R., Israel, R., Lacroix, R., and Schultz, G. â€Å"Phantom limbs in people with congenital limb deficiency or amputation in early childhood.† Brain, vol. 120, no. 9, 1997, pp. 1603-1620.Ramachandran, V., and Hirstein, W. â€Å"The perception of phantom limbs. The D. O. Hebb lecture.† Brain, vol. 121, no. 9, 1998, 1603-16330.Schmazl, L., Thomke, E., Ragno, C., Nilseryd, M., Stockselius, A., and Ehrsson, H. â€Å"‘Pullin g telescoped phantoms out of the stump’: Manipulating the perceived position of phantom limbs using a full-body illusion.† Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 5, 2011, pp. 121.

Hero and Leander by Peter Paul Reubens - 982 Words

During this semester’s course we have studied various styles of art throughout Europe, and what has intrigued me the most is Baroque art. Baroque, as we have studied it, is a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, in sculpture, and painting. Baroque style began in Rome, Italy in the 1600s and quickly spread throughout Europe. The Baroque style was endorsed by the Roman Catholic Church, in their response to the Protestant Reformation. The Church encouraged artists to create works of art that would connect their audience intellectually and emotionally with religious themes. For my final visual analysis I have chosen Hero and Leander, by Peter Paul Rubens (Figure 1). Rubens created this oil on canvas painting between 1604 and 1605 in Lombardy, Italy. Ruben’s painting features Leander, a youth of Abydos, who used to swim across the waters at night to Sestos on the opposite side to meet his lover Hero, a p riestess of Aphrodite. The painting measures 96 X 127 cm and is currently located in the Yale University Art Museum, in New Haven, Connecticut. (Early mythological paintings) From Hero and Leander we can see the influence that Michelangelo and Titian had on Rubens during his career, in particular, how the human body moves in extreme ways. Emil Kren and Daniel Marx, on the Web Gallery of Art, give a nice summary of the subject of Ruben’s painting. The subject of the painting is a legend according to which

Macbeth vs. a Simple Plan free essay sample

Macbeth, a play written by William Shakespeare in the early 17th century and A Simple Plan, a 1998 Hollywood production are surprisingly similar. These two tragedies illustrate two contented ordinary men, whose lives are irrevocably altered for the worse, resulting in their downfalls. Both men are happily married to women who share their ambitions and become their driving force. Lady Macbeth and Sarah Mitchell are both intelligent and powerful characters as they understand their husbands’ weaknesses and know how to use it to their advantages. Although the men are the ones who act upon the evil plots, the wives play the more important role as the authority and motivation of their actions. Both Lady Macbeth and Sarah formulate plans to obtain their objectives before their husbands can think far enough ahead. The instant Lady Macbeth reads Macbeth’s letter, stating that he met witches who predicted he would be king, she immediately decides that the king will be killed: â€Å"The Raven himself is hoarse / That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan / Under my battlements† (Macbeth 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth vs. a Simple Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5. 38-40). As Macbeth earlier asks the stars to hide his desire, she openly asks the spirits to strengthen her desire by filling her with manly cruelty: Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of the direst cruelty. (1. 5. 40-43) She is clearly willing to do whatever is necessary to seize the throne. When Macbeth arrives home and tells her that King Duncan will come to their castle that night, she says to him: You shall put This night’s great business into my despatch; Which shall to all our nights and days to come Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom. (1. 5. 67-70) This speech shows that Lady Macbeth is the brain behind Macbeth’s actions and that her ambition is strong enough to drive her husband forward. She even facilitates the night’s events as she plans the agenda of the evening, preparing â€Å"wine and wassail† for the two chamberlains, and placing the dagger for Macbeth in the most convenient place. Throughout the play, Lady Macbeth’s shifting control over her husband is mainly responsible for aggravating the struggle between Macbeth’s moralities and â€Å"vaulting ambition†. While Lady Macbeth is integral to her husband’s first crime her power wanes as he begins to act alone. Sarah, on the other hand, is more firm and determined. She ruthlessly attempts to plan out all of Hank’s actions, focusing on what she wants at the expense of others. Just like Lady Macbeth, the moment she realizes the possibility of more wealth and the lifestyle it will bring, she starts to plot her way to obtain it. The night Hank finds the money, Sarah concocts a plan to put five hundred thousand back in the plane to put Hank beyond suspicion, warning him to be extremely careful, while he is still contemplating his guilt. Right after she gives birth to her first child, she announces her second plan, which involves Hank and his brother Jacob blackmailing the third accomplice, Lou. This scene shares some similarity with Lady Macbeth’s own planning for her husband’s cover up of the initial crime. In both instances, the women reveal they are the crucial elements of evil in the actions. Sarah’s second plan leads to more deaths because she does not consider the fact that people react violently when they are threatened. Her determination does not waver as she plans another scheme to avoid the FBI’s investigation for the safety of the money and Hank’s life. Unlike, Lady Macbeth, Sarah’s power of persuasion increases as the story unfolds. Although, it seems like their husbands do all the evil acts, Macbeth and Hank can still be sympathized with because the women proved themselves as the real villain. As a way of setting their plan to action, Lady Macbeth and Sarah manipulated their husbands leaving them with no reason not to obey. Lady Macbeth takes advantage of the fact that she understands Macbeth’s weak spot. Art though afread To be the same in thine own act and valour, As thou art in desire? Wouldst thou have that Which thou esteem’st the ornament of life, And live a coward in thine own esteem, Letting â€Å"I dare not† wait upon â€Å"I would,† Like the poor cat i’ the adage? (1. 7. 39-44) She taunts his fear and tells him to be a man. When Macbeth shows guilt and frailty after killing Duncan, her reply is again filled with manipulation attacking Macbeth’s manhood. She says he is a coward for being afraid of the dead, as they are just like paintings. Also she says that the blood on their hands will be easily washed off by water, even though at the end of the play just before she commits suicide, she constantly obsesses with the imaginary blood that cannot be washed from her hands. When Macbeth experiences hallucinations of Banquo’s ghost, this was her reply: O! these flaws and starts, (Impostors to true fear) would well become A woman’s story at a winter’s fire, Authorized by her grandam. Shame itself! Why do you make such faces? When all’s done, You look but on a stool. (3. 4. 63-68) Although, words like these can snap Macbeth back to his senses, she does not realize that they can also stimulate a man to neglect real consequences and conscience. Ultimately, her words unleash Macbeth’s true evil side. Sarah also exploits Hank’s manhood in the sense that a man’s entire obligation is to provide for and protect his family. When Hank has had enough of the violence and wants to return the money and live life like it used to be, Sarah goads him into keeping it. She says that they would have the same boring jobs for the next thirty years. Their daughter, Amanda would wear second-hand clothes and play with used toys. Jacob would go back to the welfare office but with Lou gone, just himself and his dog in his filthy apartment, he would probably commit suicide. Just like Lady Macbeth, Sarah knows exactly where to hurt Hank. Her words seem to suggest that if Hank returns the money, he would be a very selfish man. She disregards the fact that keeping the money is illegal, and that it has caused many deaths just because she does not want to a simple life, even though they were happy before the possibility of wealth existed. According to the women, if the men back out and show fear, they are not worthy of men but if they carry out the crimes then they are brave and honourable; in reality, it is the other way around, that it takes real courage to resist the temptation of cheating their way into power. As it seems, without the women’s artful schemes that introduce the men to such desperate violence, the men would be incapable of carrying out the crimes themselves. It is doubtful that Macbeth could killed King Duncan and in such a brutal way, without his wife. Although it is Lady Macbeth that keeps him sane for a while and slaps him out of hallucinations, her manipulation gives him the stimulation he needs to commit more violence later on. Moreover, Sarah is the main cause of all the crimes Hank commits. Without her unnecessary plans and her manipulating words, they would have a higher chance of keeping the money safe. They are all so wrapped up in this greedy world; they fail to consider the consequences of their actions more realistically.

Native Americans Essays (332 words) - Native American Religion

Native Americans Sweat lodges were a basic component of Native American life. The Native American completed a purification ceremony in these sweat lodges. This ritual dealt with purifying the human body and soul. The layout of the sweat lodge, the practice of the purification ceremony, and the symbolism in each of these things are all part of Native American rituals The Navaho used to call sweat lodges tq"ache. They are made out of birch willow branches and resemble a beehive. Outside of the sweat lodges is a fire used to heat rocks. A dirt path from the fire outside goes through the door leading to the fire inside. The door is always facing toward the east. In the middle of the sweat lodge is a hole with the heated rocks from the fire outside. Sweat baths are filled with symbolism. Sweat represents the washing away of physical and moral impurities. This ceremony is meant to revitalize and allow the person to be born anew. The lodge is an image of the universe. The rocks inside symbolize the center of the universe. The heated rocks in the fireplace represent the Mother Earth. The stream created by pouring water over the rocks symbolizes the Thunder Being. The participants purify themselves with rocks, fire, water, earth and air. The practice of the purification ceremony is essentially a sweat bath. When the stones in the fire outside are hot enough they are brought in. The participants chant and sit in silence. After this is done, a mixture of water, sage grass, cedar, and pine needles is poured onto the hot rocks. This produces a hot vapor bath that leaves the fragrance of burning needles and grass. This practice can be done many times a day. There are always sweat baths before important ceremonies, warpaths, or the signing of treaties. This ritualistic ceremony shows many of the beliefs about God's relationship with the earth and humans. This purification ceremony put the American Indians in a frame of mind to make important decisions. The layout, practice, and symbolism in the sweat lodges are a major part of Native American rituals.