The Scarlet Letter Plot Summary

'The Scarlet Letter' Plot Summary The Scarlet Letter is a 1850 novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne set in Boston, at that point the Massachusetts Bay Colony, in the mid-seventeenth century (around fifty years before the close by Salem Witch Trials). It recounts to the tale of the connection between the Puritan people group and Hester Prynne, the hero, after it is found that she bore a youngster without any father present a demonstration that cuts against society’s strict qualities. As discipline for her activities, Prynne is compelled to wear a red â€Å"A,† which, as it is rarely said out and out, probably represents â€Å"adultery† or â€Å"adulterer.† The story, which is confined by an early on piece entitled â€Å"The Custom-House,† portrays the seven years following Prynne’s wrongdoing. The Custom-House This presentation, composed by an anonymous first-individual storyteller who imparts numerous true to life subtleties to the book’s writer, fills in as the primary narrative’s structure. In this area, the storyteller, who has an enthusiasm for composing, recounts how he fills in as an assessor at the Salem Custom House-a second he accepts as an open door chiefly to deride and ridicule his partners, a large number of whom are more established and have made sure about lifetime arrangements through family associations. This segment happens in the mid-nineteenth century, and, accordingly, the Custom House has substantially less action than it did during its prime two centuries sooner. Subsequently, the storyteller spends a decent arrangement of his time sneaking around in the upper room of the structure, whereupon he finds an old bit of red fabric looking like the letter â€Å"A,† just as extremely old original copy by a past assessor named Jonathan Pue, about a progression of neighborhood occasions from a century even before his time. The storyteller peruses this composition, and afterward thinks about how his Puritan precursors, whom he holds in high regard, would have looked down on him composing a work of fiction, be that as it may, after he loses his employment because of a move in neighborhood governmental issues, he does so in any case. His content, approximately dependent on the Pue original copy, turns into the premise of the novel. The Scarlet Letter In mid-seventeenth century Puritan Boston, at that point the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a nearby lady, Hester Prynne, is found to have had a kid with only one parent present. This is a significant offense in the incredibly strict network. As discipline she is made to represent a few hours with her youngster, Pearl, inâ a stocks on a framework in the town square, and afterward to wear a red A weaved on her dress for the rest of her days. While remaining on the framework, presented to general society, Prynne is hectored by both the horde and the unmistakable individuals from the town, including the revered clergyman Arthur Dimmesdale, to name the child’s father-however she robustly cannot. Likewise while she is remaining there, she sees a white man, guided in by a Native American man, enter the scene at the rear of the crowd. Prynne and this man look, however he places a finger before his lips. After the display, Prynne is brought to her jail cell, where she is visited by a specialist; this is the man she had seen at the rear of the group, who is likewise, it turns out, her significant other, Roger Chillingworth, as of late showed up from England in the wake of having been thought dead. They have an open and obliging discussion about every one of their inadequacies in their marriage, however when Chillingworth requests to know the personality of the child’s father, Prynne keeps on declining to uncover it. Upon her discharge from jail, Prynne and her little girl move to a little cabin on the edge of the town, where she gives herself to embroidery (delivering work of remarkable quality), and helping other people deprived as well as can be expected. Their separation in the long run begins to influence Pearl’s conduct, as lacking companions other than her mom, she develops into a raucous and wild young lady. Her conduct begins to draw in the townspeople’s consideration, to such an extent that individuals from the congregation suggest that Pearl be detracted from Prynne so as to get better management. This, clearly, enormously disturbs Prynne, who goes to talk with Governor Bellingham. With the representative are the town’s two priests, and Prynne claims to Dimmesdale straightforwardly as a major aspect of her contention against the townspeople’s movements. Her request prevails upon him, and he tells the representative that Pearl ought to stay with her mom. They come back to their cabin as in the past, and, throughout quite a long while, Prynne starts to procure herself over into the town’s great graces through her accommodating deeds. Around this time, the minister’s wellbeing starts to decline, and it is proposed that Chillingworth, the new doctor around, take up living arrangement with Dimmesdale to look out for him. The two get along from the start, however as Dimmesdale’s wellbeing disintegrates, Chillingworth starts to speculate that his condition is here and there the sign of mental trouble. He starts to get some information about his psychological state, which the clergyman dislikes; this pushes them separated. One night, presently, Chillingworth sees on Dimmesdale’s chest, while the last is dozing, an image that speaks to the minister’s blame. Dimmesdale at that point, tormented by his feeling of remorse, meanders one night into the town square and stands upon the platform where, quite a while previously, he had viewed Prynne as the town alienated her. He recognizes his blame inside himself, however can't force himself to do so openly. While there, he runs into Prynne and Pearl, and he and Prynne at last examine the way that he is Pearl’s father. Prynne additionally confirms that she will uncover this reality to her husband. Pearl, in the interim, is meandering around adjacent to her folks all through this discussion, and over and over asks Prynne what the Scarlet A depend on, however her mom never reacts with a genuine answer. Presently, they meet again in the woods, and Prynne educates Dimmesdale of Chillingworth’s want for vengeance on the man who usurped him. In that capacity, they make an arrangement to return together to England, which gives the pastor another episode of wellbeing and empowers him to give one of his most awakening lessons at Election Day a couple of days after the fact. As the parade leaves the congregation, however, Dimmesdale moves up onto the platform to admit his relationship with Prynne, so, all in all he expeditiously passes on in her arms. Afterward, there is a lot of conversation among the townspeople over an imprint seen upon the minister’s chest, which many case was looking like a â€Å"A.† With this issue currently viably settled, Chillingworth before long kicks the bucket, leaving Pearl a huge legacy, and Prynne journeys to Europe, however she restores quite a while later and resumes wearing the red letter. Eventually from that point she passes on, and is covered in a similar plot as Dimmesdale.

Law and Language Free Essays

string(97) and except if one doesn’t have the information on the lawful language utilized, they can't appreciate it. One can't deny that the exchange between our every day lives and law is significant to our reality. In any event, when we are breathing, Article 21 of our constitution secures us. At the point when we get some item from a shop, charges forced under different laws assume a job in deciding the expense of that item. We will compose a custom exposition test on Law and Language or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now These are only not many of the different models that we experience in our day by day life which display the job of law in our regular day to day existences. Yet, to recognize what the law is and to get it, with the goal that we can act in like manner, one needs to have some order over the language. Indeed, even in precedent-based law nations where we witness unwritten laws, points of reference have cardinal spot. Also, to utilize those points of reference suitably we have to comprehend the decisions. Additionally, makes a decision about need to utilize the correct words at the perfect time to pass on the genuine reason for the point of reference. Law and language are between related for even language works on specific laws. We have different principles and laws of sentence structure, which whenever broken, would remove the quintessence of the language. I generally had a couple of inquiries with respect to this subject waiting in my brain. For what reason is legitimate language so convoluted? How do attorneys bend it as indicated by their favorable position? How simple appointed authorities discover it to decipher the lawful language? Is there even a requirement for legalese? How has the language, the law is written in, influenced the mindfulness among individuals? There are more inquiries that I anticipate a response for and this undertaking has given me an extraordinary chance to search for those answers THE INTERVIEW For a similar reason I talked with Sri V. Srinivasa Sivaram, Administrative Officer, Andhra Pradesh State Legal Services Authority. â€Å"The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been established under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 to offer free Legal Types of assistance to the more fragile segments of the general public and to sort out Lok Adalats for neighborly settlement of debates. In each State, State Legal Services Authority has been comprised to offer impact to the approaches and bearings of the NALSA and to give free lawful administrations to the individuals and lead Lok Adalats in the State.. † With his experience and interface with the nearby individuals, I felt he would have the option to responds to my inquiries. I express gratitude toward him for giving his significant time for me. Here is an extract of the meeting Q. Sir, you are related with Andhra Pradesh Legal Services Authority, and numerous monetarily upset individuals who can’t bear the cost of a legal counselor approach you for help. What level of lawful mindfulness do you find among these individuals about their privileges and obligations particularly when the laws and resolutions are written in English? A. Since I'm working with the lawful assistance expert for past some time, one thing that I find is that individuals don’t come to us since they have some privilege or an obligation. They come to us since they have an issue. It might be identified with law or may not be identified with law. 90% of the occasions, we need to discover what the law is regarding their concern. The individuals moving toward us don't know whether a law can support them and provided that this is true, which law. They know that on the off chance that they have an issue and they are moving toward lawful assistance authority, at that point we will support them. Numerous multiple times I have addressed individuals and asked them â€Å"How did you come to know about lawful assistance? † The most well-known answer is sir, we have been told or we heard it on TV or Radio. After they approach us, we need to discover the solution for them and above all look if that cure is inside the four corners of law. They don't know about the law in that regard. They simply have an issue close by and they come to us, searching for cure, and asking whether law can support them or not. Q. For some debates, the nearby individuals first methodology the region court and afterward may offer in higher courts. Do the area courts work in the nearby language or in English? What is your sentiment with respect to this. A. As for this inquiry, I might want to disclose to you that both nearby dialects and English are utilized. In the event that an individual is uneducated or he doesn’t comprehend English well, particularly when you need to direct a preliminary, when you ask during boss assessment or during interrogation, the neighborhood language is the best thing Q. Do the courts give the judgment I. e. s the composed judgment in provincial language or is the use of local language limited for oral purposes as it were? A. Until further notice, it is absolutely in English. In any case, the appointed authorities are not halted from utilizing the territorial language. For instance, one of companions has given two or three decisions in Telugu too. In any case, doing so is e xceptionally troublesome. The blocks that they experience are various. At the point when they need to change a case law or statement a case from Supreme Court it turns out to be for all intents and purposes hard to cite it in Telugu.. We likewise have latin adages that would include this trouble. You are correct. We can't cite them in provincial language. We may not pass on the significance appropriately. On the off chance that you quote Evidence Act in Hindi or Telugu, I let you know, it will be a bad dream! Despite the fact that we are capable in Hindi and Telugu, on attempting to do as such, we couldn’t succeed. Have a go at changing over a judgment by Hon'ble Judge Krishna Iyer into your nearby language or Telugu, it will be a calamity! Indeed, even individuals who are familiar with English think that its hard to comprehend his judgment. The language is profoundly perplexing, full with talk. Numerous Supreme Court decisions are so that a typical man can't get it. This additionally applies to individuals who are well acquainted with English. Until and except if one doesn’t have the information on the legitimate language utilized, they can't fathom it. You read Law and Language in class Law Q. The laws are essentially for the individuals. Be that as it may, with the convoluted language they are written in, an individual thinks that its hard to peruse them. Do you think there is a need to improve lawful language? A. The opportunity has already come and gone that the legitimate language is improved. One thing that we see is, for a basic word model may or will, fights are battled in court. The Supreme Court may wind up saying ‘may’ isn't ‘may’, it is ‘shall’ and ‘shall’ is ‘may’! Since the translation of such fundamental words happens in various manners, a typical man can't get it. Truly Sir, I do recall a case ‘State Of Madhya Pradesh versus Azad Bharat Finance Co’. Here under an Act, in spite of the fact that the District court deciphered the utilization of word ‘shall’ as compulsory, the Supreme Court deciphered it as â€Å" The word ‘shall’ isn't constantly obligatory; it relies on the setting wherein the word happens and different conditions. † Yes. We have numerous different models. Not many years back when an inquiry emerged if a composed explanation must be recorded inside 90 days of the changed CPC, it was said that NO in spite of the fact that the word utilized is will. In the event that this is the destiny of the individuals who know law, at that point envision the situation of the normal man. Q. I concur with you sir. In any case, if the lawful language is streamlined, doesn’t it leaves a few provisos that possibly abused by many? A. See, even now it is occurring. You keep in touch with one line and the legal advisors will undoubtedly get provisos in that one line moreover. This is thus, since we have been educated! Each attorney attempts to utilize the words as indicated by his own comfort and the advantage of his customer. Q. What approach do you receive while translation of any law. Is it a positivist methodology carefully dependent on the language and the words utilized or you attempt to investigate the history and actual purpose of the law? A. I like to pass by the actual intent of the law. We don’t approach the protected discussions. In lower courts, when we need to approach finding what is the significance and the actual purpose of the law, except if you see the first structure of the law, you don’t know why it was composed. I do recollect the instance of ‘Baljeet Singh versus Election Commission Of India And .. ’ Here the applicant contended that an individual from parliament makes a vow to ‘make and subscribe’ to the constitution of India. Subsequently the translation is that every single lawmaker must be educated to comprehend the India's constitution. The Supreme Court alluded back to the sacred get together discussion and presumed that education was never intended to be an additional capability to be an individual from parliament. The reason behind such a pledge was to advance national solidarity and not to make proficiency a pre-imperative condition. Truly. Here and there on the off chance that you don’t know the expectation behind a law, you can't arrive at a specific decision about its significance. On the off chance that you approach, great however many lower courts don’t approach protected discussions. An Act or resolution may give both of you or three lines about its motivation, however on the off chance that you need to go further you don’t approach that thing. Along these lines, if there is a contention you will decipher it in a way as you feel appropriate. Be that as it may, certain circumstances request translation utilizing the exacting language rule. This has been played by the higher courts from various perspectives! What's more, since we state that Supreme Court judgment is the tradition that must be adhered to, we will undoubtedly wind up in disarray. Let me set forth one model. An inquiry emerged whether an organization can be arraigned or not for criminal activities. The discipline endorsed incorporates both fine and detainment. One translation was that since an organization is certifiably not a genuine individual and you can't toss it behind bars, thus just a fine will be forced. Yet, the Supreme Court said that since you can't place the organization in prison, you can't incur the discipline endorsed in the demonstration, consequently the ntire continuing were subdued. In this way, following not many months another judgment cam

Science Religion and Spirituality to Health Essay - 275 Words

Science Religion and Spirituality to Health (Essay Sample) Content: Science, Religion and Spirituality to Health Name DateReligion and spirituality are two basic aspects in health today. Religion is the worship and belief in a certain superhuman power that controls major aspects in life. It can be a personal God or even gods. Additionally, spirituality is a basic term. Different people from different places have different definitions of the term spirituality. Despite the differences, spirituality can be seen as a quality to sensitivity that an individual or group has to things that are not of corporal or material nature. Those aspects that can be conceived interpreted to perceived by our senses contribute to the aspect of spirituality. On the other hand, such aspects can powerfully be felt and their effects can be inferred by what we see. To a number of people, spirituality may focus on the inner person, while to others; it may focus on the outer person. Therefore, spirituality is accepted by people of faith and also those who lack faith at all (Harold, 2002). Research shows that, a high number of Americans rely on spirituality as well as prayer in order to benefit in their health. It is not only in America but also in the world. Many people believe that, prayer can heal as well as restoring broken homes. Research also shows that, prayer has the power to outline who we are as well as where our destiny is. This is why is incorporated with spirituality. In America, there are different institutions like the Pastoral Care. One of the major responsibilities for this institution is to give words of sympathy and comfort to someone before undertaking a chemotherapy session. It also helps someone to forgive especially when about to lose their health. There are two aspects that have been found to help in the healing process of a patient. These two aspects are derived from both spirituality and religion. They are aspects that most of the doctors use on their patients. These two aspects are hope and love.Hope and love should be shown by both the doctors and the family from which a patient comes from. Friends, social groups and family are fundamental in providing love and compassionate presence to the patient. On the other hand, listening is an important tool that should be used on the patients. Since such aspects have been found to be helpful to the patients, spirituality is being weaved day by day by medicine leaders. Most of the medical universities in the US now embrace spirituality in their courses. Giving attention to spirituality does not only help the patients but also the patients. It exposes the health providers to different forms of spiritualities as well as beliefs that different people uphold. This knowledge is important when dealing with patients. This understanding helps the health provider in handling the patient according to what he believes to be true (Raymond, 2007).Question 2 Everyone, whether consciously or unconsciously, believes in the aspects of religion, spirituality, and science. On the other hand, individuals are dissimilar and their approaches to healing are also different. There are people who believe in religion and spirituality, leaving science out. Others believe in the three aspects while others believe in any of the aspects. These people, therefore, believe that any of those aspects will contribute to their holistic healing (Dana, 2005).Science has a number of different medical treatments that are used to treat physical problems. Additionally, spirituality and religion are also used in healing. The bridge that is between them is psychology. There are those who believe that spirituality and religion will heal them, others believe in science while others believe in the cooperation of the three. It is important for health providers to learn about how the mind works. Psychologists have spent adequate time in studying how the mind works, the relationship between behavior and the mind and the roles of the brain that influence healing. In order to treat someone holistically, then it is important to incorporate the three aspects. One of the foremost things that will help the goal of treating people holistically is having professionals from all the three fields, come together in one setting to treat people. This way, resources, will be utilized and less money will be spent (Jeff, 2008). Question 3 Denoted as CAM, is an alternative type of medicine that Complementary and Alternative Medicine that used for medical practices and products. These medical practices and produc... Science Religion and Spirituality to Health Essay - 275 Words Science Religion and Spirituality to Health (Essay Sample) Content: Science, Religion and Spirituality to Health Name DateReligion and spirituality are two basic aspects in health today. Religion is the worship and belief in a certain superhuman power that controls major aspects in life. It can be a personal God or even gods. Additionally, spirituality is a basic term. Different people from different places have different definitions of the term spirituality. Despite the differences, spirituality can be seen as a quality to sensitivity that an individual or group has to things that are not of corporal or material nature. Those aspects that can be conceived interpreted to perceived by our senses contribute to the aspect of spirituality. On the other hand, such aspects can powerfully be felt and their effects can be inferred by what we see. To a number of people, spirituality may focus on the inner person, while to others; it may focus on the outer person. Therefore, spirituality is accepted by people of faith and also those who lack faith at all (Harold, 2002). Research shows that, a high number of Americans rely on spirituality as well as prayer in order to benefit in their health. It is not only in America but also in the world. Many people believe that, prayer can heal as well as restoring broken homes. Research also shows that, prayer has the power to outline who we are as well as where our destiny is. This is why is incorporated with spirituality. In America, there are different institutions like the Pastoral Care. One of the major responsibilities for this institution is to give words of sympathy and comfort to someone before undertaking a chemotherapy session. It also helps someone to forgive especially when about to lose their health. There are two aspects that have been found to help in the healing process of a patient. These two aspects are derived from both spirituality and religion. They are aspects that most of the doctors use on their patients. These two aspects are hope and love.Hope and love should be shown by both the doctors and the family from which a patient comes from. Friends, social groups and family are fundamental in providing love and compassionate presence to the patient. On the other hand, listening is an important tool that should be used on the patients. Since such aspects have been found to be helpful to the patients, spirituality is being weaved day by day by medicine leaders. Most of the medical universities in the US now embrace spirituality in their courses. Giving attention to spirituality does not only help the patients but also the patients. It exposes the health providers to different forms of spiritualities as well as beliefs that different people uphold. This knowledge is important when dealing with patients. This understanding helps the health provider in handling the patient according to what he believes to be true (Raymond, 2007).Question 2 Everyone, whether consciously or unconsciously, believes in the aspects of religion, spirituality, and science. On the other hand, individuals are dissimilar and their approaches to healing are also different. There are people who believe in religion and spirituality, leaving science out. Others believe in the three aspects while others believe in any of the aspects. These people, therefore, believe that any of those aspects will contribute to their holistic healing (Dana, 2005).Science has a number of different medical treatments that are used to treat physical problems. Additionally, spirituality and religion are also used in healing. The bridge that is between them is psychology. There are those who believe that spirituality and religion will heal them, others believe in science while others believe in the cooperation of the three. It is important for health providers to learn about how the mind works. Psychologists have spent adequate time in studying how the mind works, the relationship between behavior and the mind and the roles of the brain that influence healing. In order to treat someone holistically, then it is important to incorporate the three aspects. One of the foremost things that will help the goal of treating people holistically is having professionals from all the three fields, come together in one setting to treat people. This way, resources, will be utilized and less money will be spent (Jeff, 2008). Question 3 Denoted as CAM, is an alternative type of medicine that Complementary and Alternative Medicine that used for medical practices and products. These medical practices and produc...

What Is Phantom Limb Syndrome

Phantom limb syndrome is a condition in which individuals experience sensations like pain, touch, and movement in an arm or leg that is no longer attached to the body. About 80 to 100 percent of amputees experience phantom limbs. The sensation can also occur in individuals who have been born without a limb. The time it takes for a phantom limb to appear varies. Some individuals experience the sensation immediately after an amputation, while others do not feel the phantom limb for several weeks. Despite their name, phantom limb sensations are not restricted to limbs and  can occur in many other areas of the body. They have been reported after breast amputations, the removal of parts of the digestive system, and the removal of eyes.   Types of Sensations in Phantom Limbs The sensations associated with a phantom limb vary considerably, from a slight tingling feeling to a vivid sensation of a moving limb. Individuals have reported feeling the phantom limb move, sweat, numb, cramp, burn, and/or change in temperature. While some individuals report that they can voluntarily move the limb – for instance, to shake someone’s hand – others state that the phantom limb stays â€Å"habitually† in a certain posture, such as a flexed arm or an extended leg. This habitual position can be very painful, like an arm stretched permanently behind the head, and sometimes replicates the position of the limb before it was amputated. The phantom limb  does not necessarily represent the missing limb accurately. For example, some patients have reported having short arms with missing elbows. Over time, phantom limbs have been observed to â€Å"telescope,† or shrink into the stump after amputation. For instance, an arm might shorten progressively until only the hand is attached to the stump. Such telescoping, which is often associated with increasingly painful phantom limbs, can occur overnight or gradually over years. The Causes of Phantom Limb Pain A number of mechanisms have been proposed as potential factors in  phantom limb pain. While none of these mechanisms have been proven to be the root cause of the pain, each theory provides valuable insight into the complex systems at work when a patient experiences a phantom limb sensation. Peripheral nerves.  One formerly dominant mechanism concerning phantom limb pain involves peripheral nerves:  nerves that are not in the brain and spinal cord. When a limb is amputated, many severed nerves are left in the amputated stump. The ends of these nerves can grow into thicker nerve tissues called neuromas, which can send abnormal signals to the brain and result in painful phantom limbs.   However, while neuromas can occur when limbs are amputated, they do not necessarily cause phantom limbs. Phantom limb pain can still occur, for example, in people born without a limb, and so are not expected to have severed nerves from amputation. The limbs can also remain painful even after the neuromas have been removed surgically. Finally, many amputees develop phantom limbs immediately after amputation, before enough time has elapsed for neuromas to develop. Neuromatrix theory. This theory came from the psychologist Ronald Melzack, who postulated that each person has a network of many interconnected neurons called the neuromatrix. This neuromatrix, which is prewired by genetics but modified by experience, produces characteristic signatures that tell an individual what their body is experiencing and that their body is their own. However, the neuromatrix theory assumes that the body is intact, with no limbs missing. When a limb is amputated, the neuromatrix no longer receives the input its accustomed to, and sometimes receives high levels of input because of damaged nerves. These changes in input modify the characteristic signatures produced by the neuromatrix, resulting in phantom limb pain. This theory explains why people born without limbs can still experience phantom limb pain, but is difficult to test. Furthermore, it is unclear why the neuromatrix would produce pain and not other sensations. Remapping hypothesis. The neuroscientist Ramachandran proposed the remapping hypothesis to explain how phantom limbs arise. The remapping hypothesis involves neuroplasticity – that the brain can reorganize itself by weakening or strengthening neural connections – occurring in the somatosensory cortex, which is responsible for the body’s sense of touch. Different areas of the somatosensory cortex correspond to different parts of the body, with the right side of the cortex corresponding to the left half of the body and vice versa. The remapping hypothesis says that when a limb is amputated, the brain area corresponding to that limb no longer receives input from the limb. Neighboring areas of the brain can then â€Å"take over† that brain area, causing phantom limb sensations. For example, one study found that people who have had their hand amputated can feel as if their missing hand is touched when a part of their face is touched. This occurs because the brain area corresponding to the face lies beside the brain area corresponding to the missing hand and â€Å"invades† the area after amputation. The remapping hypothesis has gained a great deal of traction in neuroscience research, but it may not explain why patients feel pain in their phantom limbs. In fact, some researchers  claim the opposite: rather than having a reduced brain area corresponding to the missing hand because of a brain area taking over, the representation of the hand in the brain was preserved. Future Research Although phantom limb syndrome is prevalent among  amputees and even occurs in people born without limbs, the condition is highly variable from person to person, researchers have yet agreed on its exact causes.   As research progresses, scientists will be able to better pinpoint the precise mechanisms causing phantom limbs. These discoveries will ultimately lead to the development of better treatments for patients. Sources Chahine, L., and Kanazi, G. â€Å"Phantom limb syndrome: a review.† Middle East Journal of Anesthesia, vol. 19, no. 2, 2007, 345-355.Hill, A. â€Å"Phantom limb pain: A review of the literature on attributes and potential mechanisms.† Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, vol. 17, no. 2, 1999, pp. 125-142.Makin, T., Scholz, J., Filippini, N., Slater, D., Tracey, I., and Johansen-Berg, H. â€Å"Phantom pain is associated with preserved structure and function in the former hand area.† Nature Communcations, vol. 4, 2013.Melzack, R., Israel, R., Lacroix, R., and Schultz, G. â€Å"Phantom limbs in people with congenital limb deficiency or amputation in early childhood.† Brain, vol. 120, no. 9, 1997, pp. 1603-1620.Ramachandran, V., and Hirstein, W. â€Å"The perception of phantom limbs. The D. O. Hebb lecture.† Brain, vol. 121, no. 9, 1998, 1603-16330.Schmazl, L., Thomke, E., Ragno, C., Nilseryd, M., Stockselius, A., and Ehrsson, H. â€Å"‘Pullin g telescoped phantoms out of the stump’: Manipulating the perceived position of phantom limbs using a full-body illusion.† Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 5, 2011, pp. 121.

Hero and Leander by Peter Paul Reubens - 982 Words

During this semester’s course we have studied various styles of art throughout Europe, and what has intrigued me the most is Baroque art. Baroque, as we have studied it, is a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, in sculpture, and painting. Baroque style began in Rome, Italy in the 1600s and quickly spread throughout Europe. The Baroque style was endorsed by the Roman Catholic Church, in their response to the Protestant Reformation. The Church encouraged artists to create works of art that would connect their audience intellectually and emotionally with religious themes. For my final visual analysis I have chosen Hero and Leander, by Peter Paul Rubens (Figure 1). Rubens created this oil on canvas painting between 1604 and 1605 in Lombardy, Italy. Ruben’s painting features Leander, a youth of Abydos, who used to swim across the waters at night to Sestos on the opposite side to meet his lover Hero, a p riestess of Aphrodite. The painting measures 96 X 127 cm and is currently located in the Yale University Art Museum, in New Haven, Connecticut. (Early mythological paintings) From Hero and Leander we can see the influence that Michelangelo and Titian had on Rubens during his career, in particular, how the human body moves in extreme ways. Emil Kren and Daniel Marx, on the Web Gallery of Art, give a nice summary of the subject of Ruben’s painting. The subject of the painting is a legend according to which

Macbeth vs. a Simple Plan free essay sample

Macbeth, a play written by William Shakespeare in the early 17th century and A Simple Plan, a 1998 Hollywood production are surprisingly similar. These two tragedies illustrate two contented ordinary men, whose lives are irrevocably altered for the worse, resulting in their downfalls. Both men are happily married to women who share their ambitions and become their driving force. Lady Macbeth and Sarah Mitchell are both intelligent and powerful characters as they understand their husbands’ weaknesses and know how to use it to their advantages. Although the men are the ones who act upon the evil plots, the wives play the more important role as the authority and motivation of their actions. Both Lady Macbeth and Sarah formulate plans to obtain their objectives before their husbands can think far enough ahead. The instant Lady Macbeth reads Macbeth’s letter, stating that he met witches who predicted he would be king, she immediately decides that the king will be killed: â€Å"The Raven himself is hoarse / That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan / Under my battlements† (Macbeth 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth vs. a Simple Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5. 38-40). As Macbeth earlier asks the stars to hide his desire, she openly asks the spirits to strengthen her desire by filling her with manly cruelty: Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of the direst cruelty. (1. 5. 40-43) She is clearly willing to do whatever is necessary to seize the throne. When Macbeth arrives home and tells her that King Duncan will come to their castle that night, she says to him: You shall put This night’s great business into my despatch; Which shall to all our nights and days to come Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom. (1. 5. 67-70) This speech shows that Lady Macbeth is the brain behind Macbeth’s actions and that her ambition is strong enough to drive her husband forward. She even facilitates the night’s events as she plans the agenda of the evening, preparing â€Å"wine and wassail† for the two chamberlains, and placing the dagger for Macbeth in the most convenient place. Throughout the play, Lady Macbeth’s shifting control over her husband is mainly responsible for aggravating the struggle between Macbeth’s moralities and â€Å"vaulting ambition†. While Lady Macbeth is integral to her husband’s first crime her power wanes as he begins to act alone. Sarah, on the other hand, is more firm and determined. She ruthlessly attempts to plan out all of Hank’s actions, focusing on what she wants at the expense of others. Just like Lady Macbeth, the moment she realizes the possibility of more wealth and the lifestyle it will bring, she starts to plot her way to obtain it. The night Hank finds the money, Sarah concocts a plan to put five hundred thousand back in the plane to put Hank beyond suspicion, warning him to be extremely careful, while he is still contemplating his guilt. Right after she gives birth to her first child, she announces her second plan, which involves Hank and his brother Jacob blackmailing the third accomplice, Lou. This scene shares some similarity with Lady Macbeth’s own planning for her husband’s cover up of the initial crime. In both instances, the women reveal they are the crucial elements of evil in the actions. Sarah’s second plan leads to more deaths because she does not consider the fact that people react violently when they are threatened. Her determination does not waver as she plans another scheme to avoid the FBI’s investigation for the safety of the money and Hank’s life. Unlike, Lady Macbeth, Sarah’s power of persuasion increases as the story unfolds. Although, it seems like their husbands do all the evil acts, Macbeth and Hank can still be sympathized with because the women proved themselves as the real villain. As a way of setting their plan to action, Lady Macbeth and Sarah manipulated their husbands leaving them with no reason not to obey. Lady Macbeth takes advantage of the fact that she understands Macbeth’s weak spot. Art though afread To be the same in thine own act and valour, As thou art in desire? Wouldst thou have that Which thou esteem’st the ornament of life, And live a coward in thine own esteem, Letting â€Å"I dare not† wait upon â€Å"I would,† Like the poor cat i’ the adage? (1. 7. 39-44) She taunts his fear and tells him to be a man. When Macbeth shows guilt and frailty after killing Duncan, her reply is again filled with manipulation attacking Macbeth’s manhood. She says he is a coward for being afraid of the dead, as they are just like paintings. Also she says that the blood on their hands will be easily washed off by water, even though at the end of the play just before she commits suicide, she constantly obsesses with the imaginary blood that cannot be washed from her hands. When Macbeth experiences hallucinations of Banquo’s ghost, this was her reply: O! these flaws and starts, (Impostors to true fear) would well become A woman’s story at a winter’s fire, Authorized by her grandam. Shame itself! Why do you make such faces? When all’s done, You look but on a stool. (3. 4. 63-68) Although, words like these can snap Macbeth back to his senses, she does not realize that they can also stimulate a man to neglect real consequences and conscience. Ultimately, her words unleash Macbeth’s true evil side. Sarah also exploits Hank’s manhood in the sense that a man’s entire obligation is to provide for and protect his family. When Hank has had enough of the violence and wants to return the money and live life like it used to be, Sarah goads him into keeping it. She says that they would have the same boring jobs for the next thirty years. Their daughter, Amanda would wear second-hand clothes and play with used toys. Jacob would go back to the welfare office but with Lou gone, just himself and his dog in his filthy apartment, he would probably commit suicide. Just like Lady Macbeth, Sarah knows exactly where to hurt Hank. Her words seem to suggest that if Hank returns the money, he would be a very selfish man. She disregards the fact that keeping the money is illegal, and that it has caused many deaths just because she does not want to a simple life, even though they were happy before the possibility of wealth existed. According to the women, if the men back out and show fear, they are not worthy of men but if they carry out the crimes then they are brave and honourable; in reality, it is the other way around, that it takes real courage to resist the temptation of cheating their way into power. As it seems, without the women’s artful schemes that introduce the men to such desperate violence, the men would be incapable of carrying out the crimes themselves. It is doubtful that Macbeth could killed King Duncan and in such a brutal way, without his wife. Although it is Lady Macbeth that keeps him sane for a while and slaps him out of hallucinations, her manipulation gives him the stimulation he needs to commit more violence later on. Moreover, Sarah is the main cause of all the crimes Hank commits. Without her unnecessary plans and her manipulating words, they would have a higher chance of keeping the money safe. They are all so wrapped up in this greedy world; they fail to consider the consequences of their actions more realistically.

Native Americans Essays (332 words) - Native American Religion

Native Americans Sweat lodges were a basic component of Native American life. The Native American completed a purification ceremony in these sweat lodges. This ritual dealt with purifying the human body and soul. The layout of the sweat lodge, the practice of the purification ceremony, and the symbolism in each of these things are all part of Native American rituals The Navaho used to call sweat lodges tq"ache. They are made out of birch willow branches and resemble a beehive. Outside of the sweat lodges is a fire used to heat rocks. A dirt path from the fire outside goes through the door leading to the fire inside. The door is always facing toward the east. In the middle of the sweat lodge is a hole with the heated rocks from the fire outside. Sweat baths are filled with symbolism. Sweat represents the washing away of physical and moral impurities. This ceremony is meant to revitalize and allow the person to be born anew. The lodge is an image of the universe. The rocks inside symbolize the center of the universe. The heated rocks in the fireplace represent the Mother Earth. The stream created by pouring water over the rocks symbolizes the Thunder Being. The participants purify themselves with rocks, fire, water, earth and air. The practice of the purification ceremony is essentially a sweat bath. When the stones in the fire outside are hot enough they are brought in. The participants chant and sit in silence. After this is done, a mixture of water, sage grass, cedar, and pine needles is poured onto the hot rocks. This produces a hot vapor bath that leaves the fragrance of burning needles and grass. This practice can be done many times a day. There are always sweat baths before important ceremonies, warpaths, or the signing of treaties. This ritualistic ceremony shows many of the beliefs about God's relationship with the earth and humans. This purification ceremony put the American Indians in a frame of mind to make important decisions. The layout, practice, and symbolism in the sweat lodges are a major part of Native American rituals.

The Conscience of a Liberal

The Conscience of a Liberal The Way We Were Krugman starts by describing a period of many protests in the 1950s and 1960s (3). He describes it as a period of transition from economic disparity before World War II to a period of economic equality after World War II. Krugman attributes New Deal policies implemented during Roosevelt’s administration to having created the middle class. Thereafter, he develops the theory of movement conservatism that he argues led to the collapse of the New Deal policies.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Conscience of a Liberal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Krugman describes movement conservatism as a radical force aimed to repeal the New Deal policies. This force is possessed by the Republican Party and its sole purpose is to bring back the economic inequality experience before World War II. He explains its evolution from the time of Reagan’s presidency. He also writes that, contrary to pop ular belief, political order is not established by economic patterns. On the contrary, political developments lead these economic trends. He writes that the Republican Party has shifted significantly to the right while the Democratic Party has remained unchanged since the period of Roosevelt. He ends the chapter by stating that Americans have had enough in terms of movement conservatism and income inequality. The Long Gilded Age Krugman in an effort to demonstrate common inequalities in income starts by comparing the America before New Deal policies and the era of President George Bush. He then describes the ‘Long Gilded Age’ era as the time from 1870 to 1930 (15). It was a period of prolonged economic inequality. He attributes the voting rights for the upper class, Republican Party dominance and election fraud as reasons for the prolonged inequality. He also suggests that racial and cultural tensions prevented people from ganging up to overcome the inequality. These ra cial tensions were mainly between the predominant white and the Africa America black community. Likewise, the common belief that popular opinions could be facts only added to the reasons. However, in spite of the lack of approval from the government, some states began to carry out laws on pension for retirees. The implementation was however slow and small. The Great Depression had to happen for massive changes to take place. The Great Compression Krugman describes The Great Compression as a period between the 1920s and 1950s (37). It is a time when economic inequality in America significantly narrowed. In this chapter, he gives the reason for the decline in economic inequality. Due to taxes, the buying power of the upper class significantly reduced from 1920s. By 1960s, their income was taxed at 90%. The economy continued to grow and did not collapse as many conservatives had expected. This could be attributed to the emergence of middle class who were experiencing a sporadic increas e in purchasing power. Good salaries for the middle class increased their purchasing power. Similarly, better social welfare benefits also contributed to increased purchasing power.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These benefits formed part of the New Deal policies. They included health care benefits, unemployment insurance programs as well as retirement benefits. The benefits came about as a result of government bipartisanship and unionized labor. As an example, Krugman suggest how easy and popular it became to own a car to illustrate this decrease in inequality. The rise of middle class was also aided by Eisenhower’s interstate highways. The highway system provided the middle class with a means to use their cars. The Politics of the Welfare State In this chapter, Krugman gives reasons for the eventual change to a welfare nation (57). The main reason w as the rise of the Democratic Party to power. One of the factors that led to the rise of the party was the naturalization of mostly democrat immigrants. They were now able to vote. The Southerners also were attracted by the potential benefits associated with a welfare nation. The labor unions also played a big role to the rise of the Democratic Party. They provide the much needed structure, financing and mobilization in the party. Through the unions, the Democratic Party mobilized the mainly middle class to go out and vote. However, Republicans were still able to gain votes from the middle class since the economic policies of both parties at the time were almost the same. The Sixties: A Troubled Prosperity In this chapter, Krugman contrasts the rising sociopolitical unrest with the increasing economic prosperity of America in the 1960s (79). He specifically discusses â€Å"the explosion of crime, Vietnam, the civil rights movement, the growing welfare rolls, and the 1960s counter c ulture† (Krugman 79). In regard to counter culture, the social injustice in terms of police brutality and racial inequality against the African-Americans made them to act violently. However, the middle class continued to grow in spite of these social unrests. Social benefits such as health care, disability cover and unemployment cover were also available. Finally, Krugman disputes the popular belief that the Democrats were killed by Vietnam and suggests that it was in fact movement conservatism that killed the Democrats. He states that it was in the 1950s that â€Å"intellectual† movement conservatism started but it only matured in the 1960s. It was at this time however that movement conservatism as well as neoconservatives got the idea of how well to exploit the social unrest to their advantage. Movement Conservatism According to Krugman, William Buckley headed well financed group of conservatives that lobbied for movement conservatism (101). Their objectives included among others, the continued disenfranchisement of the African-Americans. Movement conservatism grew because of several factors.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Conscience of a Liberal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, there was the paranoia associated with communism which many Americans thought should be eliminated rather than being contained. Secondly, mid-sized business owners who were against increased benefits for employees also supported movement conservatism. The neoconservatives also supported movement conservatism. Many economists were against the involvement of the government in economic affairs. They lobbied for the government to be separated from economics. Similarly, sociologists joined them as they opposed liberal ideology. Both the economists and the sociologists were well funded by conservatives. Conservatives later founded conservative-minded organizations to fund and spread their ideo logies. Advancement was however slowed down by the election of Richard Nixon, a Democrat, as president. Nevertheless, the movement still remained active mostly due to issues concerning foreign affairs as well as economic crisis that were prevalent then. The Great Divergence In this chapter, Krugman starts by joining major debate that is common among economists (124). The debate is on whether most Americans are at a better financial position since the end of the economic boom in 1973. He analyzes both sides without taking a position. First, he acknowledges that Americans are experiencing a period of great prosperity. In spite of this, he argues that the median income has significantly deteriorated for each American. The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. He attributes this to the decline of unions in the workplace which has led to stagnation of increases in wages and benefits for workers. The Politics of Inequality This chapter explains the reasons for the parti san divide between Democrats and Republicans. Krugman demonstrates this divide in the actions of both parties; Democrats increase taxation of the rich and the Republicans decrease taxation of the rich (153). Krugman attributes this inequality to radicalization of Republicans through movement conservatism. Republicans are now constantly seeking to revoke New Deal policies. However, the Democrats have not displayed any radical acts on their part. The Republicans’ radical forces are therefore responsible for that bipartisanship.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nowadays, by various foundations are busy funding Republicans to radicalize them to the point of extremism. These foundations fund campaigns, take up influential positions in government, and publicly scrutinize anti-radicals. They also fund radical media campaigns to entrench their ideas in the minds of the general public. According to Krugman, bipartisanship has now become a norm though it is still unclear what caused it. Weapons of Mass Distraction In this chapter, Krugman talks about the voting microeconomics (173). He also argues that, contrary to popular belief, the GOP has not duped voters. Krugman thinks the utility to vote must be greater than the utility to not vote for a voter to actually vote. This utility cannot be shifted by the campaigning of the political candidates. He also argues that the American voters have been divided by economic class and race more than they have been divided by religion and war. The patriotism and vote blocking have also shifted the way people vote. Similarly, the rise of immigrants unable to vote and the evolution of Christian evangelical neoconservatives also shifted voter support. The New Politics of Equality In this chapter, Krugman starts by looking at the Democratic House and Senate victories in 2006 (198). He posses several questions to the reader as to what this would mean. Would it mean an end to the economic inequality? However, he is of the idea that it is not likely. He also argues that movement conservatism will decline. First, the current global economic crisis has led to increased calls for government intervention in the economy. Secondly, reforms in health care can be introduced back. Lastly, national security issues and Iraq have lowered the credibility of conservatives. The general public is therefore not easily distracted or persuaded by them. On the issue of national security, Krugman acknowledges that it is still a future policy maker. In the past, conservative Republicans have portrayed themselves a s being tough on issues concerning national security. However, this is unlikely to help conservatives push forward their agenda because on previous mishandling of the war in Iraq. Mistakes such as insufficient funding of the war due to tax decrements for the rich, massive misappropriation of funds have destroyed the credibility of conservatives. Lastly, the race strategy is no longer a strong one. Krugman argues America is becoming more Hispanic and less white. It is not easy to racially discriminate against African Americans without discriminating against people who are mostly of Hispanic ancestry. The Health Care Imperative Krugman starts by discussing the moral ethics of guaranteed health care for the unhealthy at the expense of the healthy (214). He asks whether it is right for the healthy and those able to pay for their health care to be burdened with other people’s inabilities. Using various polls, he concludes that this is morally right. Furthermore, he writes that â⠂¬Å"a guaranteed national health care program is supported by majority of Americans† (Krugman 214). Movement conservatives know this but do not want to acknowledge publicly that what they think, that is, universal health care should not be for everyone. Instead, they say that there is no health care problem and go further to suggest that universal health care will reduce the quality of health care. In their arguments, they also think it will limit the choice of an individual to health care. They also claim it is uneconomical and impossible to implement. These arguments, Krugman argues, are just another way of lobbying for economic inequality within the health care system. Confronting Inequality Solutions to economic inequality are discussed in this chapter (244). Krugman states that inequality deprives the middle and lower class off economic progress. Similarly, these people are not able to realize the American dream. As a consequence, politics and society are negatively affec ted. Inequalities in wages lead to social inequality. The rich live extravagantly and become richer while the poor grow poorer. In an attempt to mimic the rich, the middle class take up loans to finance basic needs. They are however unable to repay and consequently end up bankrupt. Likewise, political funding to support the ideology of movement conservatism will increase. Lastly, the bonds of society are usually broken by inequality. Krugman divides inequality of income into two forms. These include disposable income inequality and market inequality. The government generates taxes from market inequalities. The inequality of income after taxes represents inequality of disposable income. One possible solution that Krugman suggests is the redistribution of bigger portion of income from taxes. This would mean to revise existing policies on tax. Particularly, he suggests reducing the tax cuts for the upper class. Krugman suggests a more elaborate taxation program is needed. This program will be used to generate enough money to fund all the welfare programs. However, the program should be devoid of any loophole. Similarly, the government must take measure to reduce inequality. Increasing minimum is one of the ways it can do that. Lastly, unionization can also offer a solution. Unions would advocate for workers rights on wages and also mobilize members to be politically conscious. The Conscience of a Liberal At the last chapter of the book, Krugman concludes his argument by logically proving an interesting paradox (265). The paradox is that Democrats, while trying to preserve history that Republicans are trying to destroy, have become conservatives while Republicans have become more radical. However, he is of the idea the two should be integrated, that is, he makes a call to be both conservative and progressive. This simply means to be liberal. Krugman argues liberal is the way to go. A liberal approach will ensure completion of the New Deal as well as the progessive forward movement of the New Deal. Krugman, Paul. The Conscience of a Liberal. 1st ed. New York: WW Norton Company, 2009. Print.

Theodore De Bry and John White Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theodore De Bry and John White - Essay Example In many of De Bry’s engravings, the facial structure of most of the characters were altered where they ended up looking more like Europeans rather than Native Americans. For instance, in the Indian Woman and Young Girl painting, there is a striking difference between White’s and De Bry’s art works. The girl in De Bry’s engraving is far from the woman and seems to be holding something in the air, which is not similar to White’s painting. The girl also appears to be older in De Bry’s engraving as compared to the girl in White’s painting, which is an obvious difference. Audiences might view this as a subtle change that is not quite noticeable, but it was a significant change that distinguished the engravings from the White’s original paintings. Another element that De Bry applied to the engravings was color in which he was successful at distorting the original images through the introduction of a pale color pigment. De Bry also dis torted the vegetation by coloring them in his engravings, which was quite contrary to what the actual surroundings were during that time. He also gave blonde hair to some of the people in his engravings, which was quite different from the hair color that White had used on his paintings. The important aspect that De Bry failed to capture in his engravings was the difference between Europeans and Native Americans, which was a distinctive feature that should have come out clearly as White intended. De Bry also illustrated his failure to acknowledge, appreciate, and understand.

Part 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Part 3 - Essay Example The swimming exercise lengthens the lower and upper body. The stretching that one does using their arms and legs pushes the swimmer through the water. The safety in the water is high since there is no impact involved. This security reduces the risk of getting injured in the course of swimming, making it a safe and efficient exercise for joint flexibility. It is a necessary activity when one requires stretching shoulder and elbow joints in the arm and muscles and joints of the legs. The third exercise for improving flexibility in the joints of the body is stationary rowing. This exercise involves making movements with the upper body as if one is rowing a boat. This exercise is a cardiovascular one and extends and contracts all the muscles and joints of the lower and upper body. This training is necessary for improving the knee, shoulder and elbow joints. The fourth exercise is Pilates. It engages the abdominal muscles and improves the mobility of joints. The shallow and profound breaths that take place during Pilates promote flexibility and relaxation. This exercise is necessary for improving the range of motion in one’s joints (Watkins, 1988). Watkins, R., & Buhler, B. (1988). The water workout recovery program: Safe and painless exercises for treating back pain, muscle tears, tendinitis, sports injuries, and more. Chicago: Contemporary

CH8 disscussion questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CH8 disscussion questions - Essay Example More so, the student may be discouraged and lack for motivation when completing other tasks during other classes. It can be more beneficial to combine the two types of praises making major focus on praising effort rather than ability. It is also important to stress that children can develop the ability if they work hard and next time other students may come up with quick and correct answers. Clearly, time is precious and some educators simply fail to invest classroom time into development of certain skills that can help students to learn more effectively. Nonetheless, it is essential for a teacher to make sure that students acquire the necessary knowledge and skills. An effective strategy can involve giving group tasks. Working in a group will enable a student to observe the way other students work and he/she will be able to use similar strategies in the future. Clearly, it is important to make sure that each group includes slow students as well as bright students. Apart from that, educators have to devote some time to teaching students to use certain learning strategies. Thus, when giving an assignment, it is possible to give students several minutes to discuss strategies they are going to use to do their tasks. The teacher should give some advice and highlight strengths and weaknesses of approaches mentioned. Sometimes a teacher may simply give some tips on completing a task. Willingham (2009) names several strategies that can be applied when helping students to catch up. One of them is quite controversial as asking a student to devote â€Å"a fixed time† to do assignments may be counterproductive since the student may sit with books but think of something else (Willingham, 2009, p. 186). First, it is crucial to make the student understand that he/she will need extra effort to catch up. It is important to add that the student should also understand the importance of catching up. Asking a student to read more or do more tasks

Imperialism :: essays research papers

Imperialism is the total domination of the political, economical, or cultural aspects or a nation. Imperial colonization has been occurring sense the beginning of time. An imperialistic nation would increase its importance and power by winning an empire. Some takeovers were forced by political rivalries. One nation might seize a territory to prevent a competitor from expanding into that region. Some nations would expand to boost their economic value, or personal wealth. Imperialism advances a countries politics, society, and economic value into a powerful money making country. The political aspect of imperialism progresses a country from being week into a strong fighting nation. For example, when the French were taking over parts of Africa, the communication of the two countries increased and they started to share the Suez Canal. Also when the British government set up a system of Colonial rule, it controlled over 280 million Indians. Thus encouraging officials to learn new languages. When the Spanish took over Latin America they constructed a Council of the Indies which issued over 400,00 orders to improve the cities. However without society, politics would have gotten no where. The social aspect of imperialism was very important. First of all, by the colonization of countries scientist were able to find causes and treatments to diseases such as malaria and yellow fever. Also Britain built canals, roads, and railways which opened up India’s interior. The Spanish improved the Aztecs cities by making public waterways, paved and lighted streets, and a new invention the printing press. The society increased but when it enhanced the economics boosted also. The economics of imperialism is a major reason why nations would take over other countries. In Africa they introduced better farming techniques like dykes and irrigation canals, which boosted the money growth. The British improved medical care that included doctor education, thus leading into a boom in the population.

Primary Source Analysis of Message Drafted by General Eisenhower Essay

World War II is an infamous event in the history of the world. For almost 6 years, humankind was divided into two wherein one group was in favor for global domination and the other one was for democracy. The West and the East were completely enveloped with devastation and terror during this dark phase of the past. However, if World War II brought out the worse in people, it also proved that humans possessed an innate nature to be good and compassionate. It was just a matter of choice of whether doing the right and morally correct action or standing up for something that truly one believes in. Since WWII became a large-scale military conflict, much of the success of the defeat of the German, Japanese and Italian forces can be attributed to those who have selflessly dedicated their time, efforts and even lives for the restoration of freedom and peace. These people are the thousands of soldiers of the Allied forces. Without them, the liberation efforts in Europe and in Asia would not be successful. The most significant but very high-risk operation that was drafted by the Allied forces in advancing their goal of invading Germany and bringing to an end to the evil ways of Hitler and his supporters was the bold move of penetrating the German stronghold area in the southern coastline of France. This military operation has become known as â€Å"D-Day† which means based on military jargons as the commencement of any military operations. Since this momentous event, the Allied forces were given the opportunity to weaken the formidable military might of Hitler. As a result, the combined forces of the French, Canadians, English, Russian and Americans were able to conquer and defeat many strategic bulwarks of the enemies. Eventually, they were able to reach, seize and free the center of the Axis power in Europe which was Germany. After a year since the amphibious assault at Normandy, the whole of Europe celebrated to the new found democracy and independence. Prior to this relatively happy ending, there were a lot of political and military planning and failed missions that occurred. On the first half of WWII, the US did not take part in any direct efforts to combat communism and autocracy. But when the bombing at Pearl Harbor transpired, the US openly announced their wage in war with the Axis forces. One of the most prominent personalities during this era was an American General named General Dwight Eisenhower. His background in effective organization and implementation of military operations prompted him to be designated as the â€Å"Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces. As the leader of all soldiers from various nationalities, he was burdened with the responsibility of devising a strategic plan that will advance the troops in liberating Europe from German occupation. The idea of orchestrating a large-scale attack on German territories that will have a high probability of victory was very challenging for Eisenhower. Though it was difficult, he was able to formulate a feasible plan together with an equally knowledgeable military man, Field Marsh al Bernard Montgomery. Then, Operation Overlord was born. According to history books, this plan was supposed to be more aggressive than their 1943 plan wherein only 3 divisions were supposed to be deployed in Europe. Because of the diversity in the leadership and manpower, Overlord acquired a multi-level approach in planning, organizing and implementing the invasion. Also, it was emphasized in historical writings that the masterminds of Overlord were confident that the alliance can pull off the plan despite the eminent threat of military resistance among the Germans in Normandy. The high command in the military needed to exude faith and confidence on their plans so that the soldiers who will fight in the battlefield will be motivated to do their respective tasks with peace of mind that everything will go according to plan. However, the second thoughts and doubts about Overlord from political and military officials were left unreported leaving the public at that time clueless about the possible worse scenarios that can happen. Then British Prime Minister Winston Churchill expressed his worries about the invasion in a German fortified beachhead in France. He was concerned about the catastrophic events that could manifest if the plan fails. It could cost thousands of lives of soldiers and tons of resources wasted which could produce a major setback for the Allied forces. Like Churchill, Eisenhower also felt that Overlord was a very ambitious endeavor that could lead to a complete disaster if anything goes wrong. In his â€Å"in case of failure† message dated July 5, Eisenhower expressed his concern over the potential outcomes of Overlord. Actually, it was believed to be written on June 5, a day before D-Day. He mentioned that the â€Å"landings in the Cherbourg-Havre area† were unsuccessful so another amphibious attack could also experience the same plight. But the interesting part about the message was the content and the tone. Eisenhower wanted the reader to feel that Operation Overlord was a plan derived from the only available sources that they could find combined with a situation wherein there was an increase of military troops being killed in German territories and because of that the military can only do so much. He was insinuating that the achievement of victory was not definite. However, he emphasized in his message that he was sole responsible and the one to blame if everything fails. In the last statement, â€Å"If any blame or fault attaches to the attempt it is mine alone,† demonstrated Eisenhower’s courage in accepting responsibility for conceptualizing, executing and remedying Overlord. On the other hand, this message was only read by Eisenhower’s â€Å"naval aide, Capt. Harry Butcher† but he never disclosed it to anyone until modern historians have found about it. Though Eisenhower was not 100% sure that Overlord was going to succeed, he and numeours soldiers proved that anything can be done even the impossible as long as dedication and bravery are present. The end of WWII in 1945 was the fruit of the many sacrifices of thousands of brave and courageous soldiers.

business math paper - 986 Words

Annuities Businesses, financial institution, and other organizations invest in annuities to raise money to pay such expenses as bond debts, notes due, or stock dividends. They also invest in annuities to provide for future needs, such as new facilities and equipment or employee retirement benefits. Individuals may purchase annuities, such as an Individual Retirement Account (IRA), or an insurance policy, from insurance companies, financial institutions, or securities brokers. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;An ordinary annuity is a series of regular payments where each payment is made at the end of the payment period. The payment period is the length of time between payments. Payments are usually made annually, semiannually, quarterly,†¦show more content†¦Step 1. Find the number of compounding periods and the rate per period. Periods Compounding years x per year = Periods 10 x 2 = 20 Annual Periods Rate per rate / per year = Period 8% / 2 = 4% Step 2. Locate the table value on the Amount of an Annuity table. The table value for 20 periods at 4% is 29.77808. Step 3. Find the amount of the annuity. Payment x Table Value = Amount of Annuity $150 x 29.77808 = $4,466.71 Step 4. Find the interest earned. No. of Total payment x payments = Payments $150 x 20 = $3,000 Step 5. Amount of Annuity - Total Payment = Interest $4,466.77 - $3.000 = $1,466.71 Interest Rates and Loans nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Most People have money in a savings account and wonder how to figure out the actual interest rates or the APR (annual percentage yield). To find the amount of interest you would use this formula: P (principle) x R (rate) x T (time) = I (interest) Example: $1000 x 3% x 1 year. = $30 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Interest is the fee paid for borrowing money. Most individuals or business owners pay simple interest on a short-term loan, which is usually a loan of up to 1 year. The amount of interest charged by a bank depends on three factors: 1. The amount borrowed is called the principal. 2. The length of time the money is borrowed. 3. The rate of interest charged. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The interest rate assigned to a loan may varyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Math And Owning A Restaraunt790 Words   |  4 Pages Math is an essential asset in the business world. Without mathematics businesses wouldn’t be able to operate effectively. In order to run a restaurant math plays an important role in a lot of different areas. For instance the items on the menu may change due to the way it sells. Bookkeeping and math allow you to both figures out what items are profitable and what items are selling. The business world revolves around math, from profit and loss statements, to graphs, to taxes. 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